The 14th ‑cen­tu­ry Ho Dynasty citadel, built accord­ing to the feng shui prin­ci­ples, tes­ti­fies to the flow­er­ing of neo-Con­­fu­­cian­ism in late 14th cen­tu­ry Viet Nam and its spread to oth­er parts of east Asia. Accord­ing to these prin­ci­ples it was sit­ed in a land­scape of great scenic beau­ty on an axis join­ing the Tuong Son and Don Son moun­tains in a plain between the Ma and Buoi rivers. The citadel build­ings rep­re­sent an out­stand­ing exam­ple of a new style of south-east Asian impe­r­i­al city.