This transna­tion­al prop­er­ty includes 94 com­po­nent parts in 18 coun­tries. Since the end of the last Ice Age, Euro­pean Beech spread from a few iso­lat­ed refuge areas in the Alps, Carpathi­ans, Dinar­ides, Mediter­ranean and Pyre­nees over a short peri­od of a few thou­sand years in a process that is still ongo­ing. The suc­cess­ful expan­sion across a whole con­ti­nent is relat­ed to the tree‘s adapt­abil­i­ty and tol­er­ance of dif­fer­ent cli­mat­ic, geo­graph­i­cal and phys­i­cal con­di­tions.