Sit­u­at­ed in the Peru­vian Andes, Cuz­co devel­oped, under the Inca ruler Pacha­cutec, into a com­plex urban cen­tre with dis­tinct reli­gious and admin­is­tra­tive func­tions. It was sur­round­ed by clear­ly delin­eat­ed areas for agri­cul­tur­al, arti­san and indus­tri­al pro­duc­tion. When the Spaniards con­quered it in the 16th cen­tu­ry, they pre­served the basic struc­ture but built Baroque church­es and palaces over the ruins of the Inca city.