The mau­soleum of Anti­ochus I (69&ndash,34 B.C.), who reigned over Com­ma­gene, a king­dom found­ed north of Syr­ia and the Euphrates after the breakup of Alexander‘s empire, is one of the most ambi­tious con­struc­tions of the Hel­lenis­tic peri­od. The syn­cretism of its pan­theon, and the lin­eage of its kings, which can be traced back through two sets of leg­ends, Greek and Per­sian, is evi­dence of the dual ori­gin of this kingdom‘s cul­ture.